Naima Nasrin
BSc. in Textile
National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research
Email: naima.nasrin775@gmail.com
1. Blowroom
2. Carding
3. Draw frame
4. Lap former
5. Comber Machine
6. Simplex
7. Ring frame
8. Rotor spinning machine.
9. Autoconer
1. Blowroom: Blow room is the first process of yarn production in spinning mills. Where compressed bales are opened, cleaned, evened, and blending or mixing to form uniforms lap of specific length is called Blow room section. This is the first section of the spinning line for the spinning cotton yarn. A number of machines are used in the blow room section.
Functions of Blow room:
1. Opening the compressed bales of fiber and making the cotton tuft a small size as far as possible.
2. Detecting the metal objects and fire in fiber
3. Cleaning the fiber by removing the dust, dirt, broken seeds, etc., and other foreign materials from the fibers.
4. Mixing and blending of different classes or grades of fibers
5. Removing foreign fibers and plastic contaminations
6. Converting fiber tufts into a fibrous sheet is called a lap.
7. Uniform feeding to the next stage
Blow room line: A-line where a number of machines are arranged to perform all the functions to form a uniform lap to form cotton bale is called a blow room line.
List of machines in blow room line:
Opening Machine: The machines which are used for bale opening in the blow room line are given below
1. Bale opener Machine
2. porcupine opener Machine
3. Crigton opener machine
Cleaning machine: The machines which are used for cleaning the fiber in the blow room line are given below
1. Step cleaner machine
2. Axo Flow Cleaner machine
3. S.R.L.L Cleaner machine
Blending machine: The machines which are used for mixing and blending the fiber in the blow room line are given below
1. Automatic Blending Box machine
2. Double chamber Blending Box machine
Dust/Impurities removal machine: The machines which are used for removing dust, dirt, impurities from fiber in the blow room line are given below
1. Dustex Dx machine
2. Heavy part separator SP-H machine
Functions of Blow room:
1. Opening the compressed bales of fiber and making the cotton tuft a small size as far as possible.
2. Detecting the metal objects and fire in fiber
3. Cleaning the fiber by removing the dust, dirt, broken seeds, etc., and other foreign materials from the fibers.
4. Mixing and blending of different classes or grades of fibers
5. Removing foreign fibers and plastic contaminations
6. Converting fiber tufts into a fibrous sheet is called a lap.
7. Uniform feeding to the next stage
Blow room line: A-line where a number of machines are arranged to perform all the functions to form a uniform lap to form cotton bale is called a blow room line.
List of machines in blow room line:
Opening Machine: The machines which are used for bale opening in the blow room line are given below
1. Bale opener Machine
2. porcupine opener Machine
3. Crigton opener machine
Cleaning machine: The machines which are used for cleaning the fiber in the blow room line are given below
1. Step cleaner machine
2. Axo Flow Cleaner machine
3. S.R.L.L Cleaner machine
Blending machine: The machines which are used for mixing and blending the fiber in the blow room line are given below
1. Automatic Blending Box machine
2. Double chamber Blending Box machine
Dust/Impurities removal machine: The machines which are used for removing dust, dirt, impurities from fiber in the blow room line are given below
1. Dustex Dx machine
2. Heavy part separator SP-H machine
2. Carding: Carding is a process by which fiber is opened parallelized removes dust, impurities, neps , short fibers to produce a continuous strand of fibers called sliver of uniform weight per unit length. This is the most important process of spinning. It directly determines the final features of yarn. This process is called the heart of the spinning process.
Functions of carding machine:
1. Opening the tuft into an individual fiber.
2. Elimination of remaining impurities
3. Disentangling the neps
4. Blending the fiber and orientation
5. Parallelizing and stretching the fiber
6. Producing a thick untwisted rope of fiber called sliver which will be suitable for further processing.
3. Draw frame: Draw frame is one kind of drawing machine. A process in which sliver are blended, doubled, leveled, and drafted bypassing the sliver through a series of pairs of rollers each pair move faster than the previous one.
Functions of draw frame machine:
1. Straightening the crimped and hooked fiber in card sliver
2. Parallelizing the fiber along with the sliver axis
3. Improving short, medium, and long term unevenness of the sliver by doubling
4. producing more uniform sliver
5. Reducing irregularities of fiber by doubling and drafting
6. Removing dust from the fiber
7. Mix the fiber more intimately by doubling several slivers.
4 Lap former: Lap former is an important machine in the spinning industry. It is used to prepare the lap.
Functions of Lap former machine:
1. Forming a lap that will be suitable to feed the comber machine.
2. Drafting and calendaring to produce a compact lap
3. Wounding the lap onto the bobbin.
Functions of draw frame machine:
1. Straightening the crimped and hooked fiber in card sliver
2. Parallelizing the fiber along with the sliver axis
3. Improving short, medium, and long term unevenness of the sliver by doubling
4. producing more uniform sliver
5. Reducing irregularities of fiber by doubling and drafting
6. Removing dust from the fiber
7. Mix the fiber more intimately by doubling several slivers.
4 Lap former: Lap former is an important machine in the spinning industry. It is used to prepare the lap.
Functions of Lap former machine:
1. Forming a lap that will be suitable to feed the comber machine.
2. Drafting and calendaring to produce a compact lap
3. Wounding the lap onto the bobbin.
5. Comber: Comber machine is a necessary machine in the spinning industry for achieving more uniform yarn. In this process, fibers are straightened parallelized, and removed short fiber and impurities by using a comb on comb assisted by brushes and rollers.
Functions of Comber machine
1. Removing the fiber shorter than a predetermined length for enabling the spinner to produce finer yarn
2. Removing remaining impurities
3. Removing neps in the carded sliver
4. Producing a uniform sliver of required weight per unite length and collecting into a can in coil form
6. Simplex or roving frame: The machine where the sliver is subjected to one or more attenuating processes and the attenuated sliver receives a small amount of twist and is then wound on bobbins suitable for feeding the next process.
Functions of Simplex machine:
1. Reducing the weight per unit length by drafting
2. Inserting small amount of twist to give strength of roving
3. Winding the twist roving onto the bobbin
4. Building the roving in bobbin such a form will facilitate handling withdrawing and transferring to the next process.
7. Ring Frame machine: Ring frame machine turns the roving spool into yarn. The roving bobbin is installed automatically or hand-held on the ring frame. The Ring Frame extends the material and draws it.
Functions of ring frame machine:
1. Drafting the roving fed to the ring frame
2. Strengthening the fiber by twisting
3. Winding the resulting yarn onto a bobbin
4. Introducing the drawn sliver to the draft zone by creeling
5. Replacing an empty bobbin at the place of fully wound bobbin
8. Rotor spinning machine: This machine is used for producing rotor yarn. It is a one-end spinning machine that is first and effective for producing rotor yarn. It is a self-exhausting machine that offers good quality rotor yarn of desired yarn count. Rotor yarn is mainly used for making gloves, denim, and towels.
9. Autoconer machine: Autoconer is the last machine of the yarn manufacturing process. This machine is used for different lengths and sizes of cone package.
Functions of autoconer machine:
1. Producing a cone with required length or weight from a number of small size spinning bobbin produced by ring frame
2. Lubricating (waxing by paraffin wax) the yarn.
3. Removing all types of faults even thick places, Color material, and other impurities.
Functions of ring frame machine:
1. Drafting the roving fed to the ring frame
2. Strengthening the fiber by twisting
3. Winding the resulting yarn onto a bobbin
4. Introducing the drawn sliver to the draft zone by creeling
5. Replacing an empty bobbin at the place of fully wound bobbin
8. Rotor spinning machine: This machine is used for producing rotor yarn. It is a one-end spinning machine that is first and effective for producing rotor yarn. It is a self-exhausting machine that offers good quality rotor yarn of desired yarn count. Rotor yarn is mainly used for making gloves, denim, and towels.
9. Autoconer machine: Autoconer is the last machine of the yarn manufacturing process. This machine is used for different lengths and sizes of cone package.
Functions of autoconer machine:
1. Producing a cone with required length or weight from a number of small size spinning bobbin produced by ring frame
2. Lubricating (waxing by paraffin wax) the yarn.
3. Removing all types of faults even thick places, Color material, and other impurities.